PSICONLINE NEWS n.165 - 31.8.2003
- Bambini: per primogeniti piu' successo nella vita
- Si ricomincia! Ansia e svogliatezza i primi segni del 'mal di vacanza'
- MAJOR DEPRESSION IN ADOLESCENCE CAN REOCCUR IN ADULTHOOD AND DIMINISH QUALITY OF LIFE
- Non-judgmental intervention may help binge eaters overcome disorders
Bambini: per primogeniti
piu' successo nella vita
Il segreto del successo? Nascere prima di fratelli e sorelle. Lo rivela un ricercatore
australiano, Micheal Grose, in un libro dal titolo bruciante: 'Perche' i primogeniti
governano il mondo e gli ultimi nati vogliono cambiarlo'. Secondo l'esperto,
a regalare una marcia in piu' ai primi figli e' il fatto che sono piu' ambiziosi,
seri e determinati del resto della prole. E piu' inclini a scegliere una professione
di successo, magari a diventare avvocati o medici. L'esperto cita l'esempio
di alcuni potenti primogeniti, da Winston Churchill a Saddam Hussein, passando
per Stalin e Bill Clinton.
Si ricomincia! Ansia e svogliatezza i primi segni del 'mal di vacanza'
Sonnolenza, svogliatezza, e soprattutto desiderio di rinviare impegni e problemi.
Disturbi digestivi, difficoltà di concentrazione, irritabilità,
cefalea, disturbi del sonno, manifestazioni allergiche.
Ma anche stress e ansie ingiustificate. Per un italiano su quattro, alla fine
delle vacanze scoppia la sindrome da rientro, o del "wash-out" (letteralmente:
"lavar via"), conseguenza del "lavaggio mentale" tipico
delle ferie, quando si è cercato a tutti i costi di accantonare i problemi
quotidiani. Né troverà consolazione chi penserà di avere
perso, proprio a causa delle vacanze, il proprio quoziente di intelligenza.
Secondo Siegfried Lehrl, ricercatore dell'università di Erlangen e Nuremberg
in Germania, "le vacanze non fanno bene, sono sufficienti quattordici giorni
di riposo e inattività, per far scendere il quoziente di intelligenza
(QI) di circa 20 punti". Sarebbe la noia, secondo lo studioso, ad avere
un'influenza negativa sull'intelligenza.
MAJOR DEPRESSION
IN ADOLESCENCE CAN REOCCUR IN ADULTHOOD AND DIMINISH QUALITY OF LIFE
Young adults who experienced an episode of major depression in adolescence may
be more vulnerable to a relapse in adulthood that could significantly affect
their quality of life, say researchers in a study on the psychosocial functioning
of adults who have recovered from major depression.
This study, reported on in the August issue of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology,
published by the American Psychological Association (APA), examined 851 adolescents
from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project twice before age 19 on measures
of depression and then again at 24 on how well they were functioning to determine
if those who had a major depressive disorder (MDD) and recovered were functioning
better or worse than those who did not have any disorders versus those who experienced
other psychological disorders but did not have MDD as adolescents, said lead
author Peter M. Lewinsohn of the Oregon Research Institute and colleagues.
Non-judgmental
intervention may help binge eaters overcome disorders
A brief non-judgmental interview and feedback session designed to enhance people's
motivation to change their behavior added to a self-help program appears to
be effective in treating some people with two common types of eating disorders
–bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.
The finding comes from an as yet unpublished University of Washington doctoral
dissertation and also suggests that the session, which uses a technique called
motivational interviewing, may be a cost effective way of providing assistance
to a population that is particularly resistant to treatment.
People with eating disorders are extremely difficult to treat and are "often
ambivalent about seeking treatment," said UW psychology doctoral student
Erin Dunn. "Most people with eating disorders don't seek treatment on their
own. They are indecisive about change and generally seek help when prompted
through family, friends or a physician."
Failure rates for treating eating disorders are high. Depending on the type
of therapy used, only 30 to 50 percent of those treated for an eating disorder
get better, and the percentages are lower for patients who completely cease
the behaviors associated with their condition. In addition, the costs for treating
an eating disorder are expensive, usually involving individualized and intensive
therapy. Patient dropout rates also are high.